Drs. Karen Kalmakis and Genevieve Chandler, both professors at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing an analysis of the concept of adverse childhood experiences. They concluded:
Adverse childhood experiences were defined operationally as childhood events, varying in severity and often chronic, occurring in a child's family or social environment that cause harm or distress, thereby disrupting the child's physical or psychological health and development. This clarified concept will help expand research on health consequences of adverse childhood experiences and interventions to improve health. We recommend promoting a model of primary care that pays attention to the social and familial influences on the health of individuals worldwide.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jan.12329/abstract
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