Yes they are disabled.  Social-emotional skills are very likely disrupted and it isn't only in areas of concentrated violence like Compton, this occurs in rural areas too. 

Here is the story of one student in a rural school.   This student was doing okay in Kindergarden - but this student had already witnessed a murder.  Her family was soon to lose their family business and things were about to get very bad.  For this student in first grade, she was being constantly emotionally, physically, sexually abused and being emotionally neglected.  On the school bus she was bullied because her family slipped into poverty and she had to wear rags to school.  She had no way to shower as the family did not have running water or plumbing.  In school she was asked during reading time to read out loud when called by the teacher.  She couldn't read out loud, you see she had developed mutism, everywhere, in fact she had stopped talking.  The teacher put her in a room by herself and told her to read to a tape recorder and when she couldn't, the teacher put her on her lap and told her to read. The child still couldn't and so the teacher tape reordered her crying calling her a "baby" the entire time then played it back for this child to hear.  The child tells me this was very traumatic.  The school called the child's mother who told the school to leave her alone, give her the materials and let her do it herself.  The child was very happy that she didn't have to read on turn.  She took the books and went from 1st grade to 4th grade in reading skills with no help.  At the same time her brother was being frequently suspended for swearing in school.  

This child was so traumatized she refused to go out for recess, eat in the lunchroom or around other children, or ask to go to the bathroom.  She wanted to be invisible (so as not to be harmed in a very cruel and dangerous world).  One day the child having had to go to the bathroom all day but being afraid to go  was very happy when the bell rang to get on the bus to go home.  She was happy because soon she would be home and able to relieve herself in a white paint bucket but when the bell rang her bladder sphincter loosened and under her was a lake of urine.  Her mother was called.  Why didn't anyone get that this child must be suffering from some severe trauma.  She was tormented for "peeing her pants" for years afterwards only leaving her more mute.  Things only got worse as she got older. 

The American Academy of Pediatrics put out a paper called "Helping foster and adoptive families cope with trauma: A guide for pediatricians".  This is an excellent paper with many resources that are useful for parents and pediatricians alike.  Here is a link to the resource page.  

And here is a link to the PDF for the talk:  https://www.aap.org/en-us/advo.../WebinarOnTrauma.pdf