[Editor's note: Dr. Harise Stein at Stanford University edits a web site — abuseresearch.info — that focuses on the effects of abuse, and includes research articles on PACEs. Every month, she posts the summaries of the abstracts and links to research articles that address only ACEs, PCEs and PACEs. Thank you, Harise!! — Jane Stevens]
Child Abuse
Amick M, Bentivegna K, Hunter AA, et. al.
Child maltreatment-related children's emergency department visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut. Child Abuse Negl. 2022 Mar 28;128:105619. PMID: 35364466
Comparing matched pre- and during-Covid periods at 2 tertiary academic children’s hospitals in Connecticut, while abuse-related ED visits decreased during the Covid period, both ED visits and CPS reports of child neglect increased.
Elliott SA, Goodman KL, Bardwell ES, Mullin TM.
Reactions to the disclosure of intrafamilial childhood sexual abuse: Findings from the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline. Child Abuse Negl. 2022 May;127:105567. PMID: 35278820
Of 224 children who contacted the National Sexual Assault Online Hotline regarding experiencing intrafamilial child sexual abuse, and who had previously disclosed to one type of recipient, “Nearly three-fourths (73%) of children described receiving a negative reaction to disclosure. Negative reactions included distracting or dismissing the victim (33%), not believing the victim (29%), or retaliating or responding violently following disclosure (10%). Children most frequently disclosed abuse to non-offending family (66%), friends (17%), and formal support providers (12%). Relative to friends and intimate partners, victims were more likely to discuss negative reactions from family (49% v 87%)…Disclosing to non-offending family may be unproductive and potentially harmful for some children. This study has implications for disclosure-related planning protocols…[and] the importance of educating the public, and parents in particular, about how to respond to CSA disclosures.”
Cortes Hidalgo AP, Thijssen S, Delaney SW, et. al.
Harsh Parenting and Child Brain Morphology: A Population-Based Study. Child Maltreat. 2022 May;27(2):163-173. PMID: 33455410
For 2410 children who received brain scans at age 10, and whose parents reported parenting styles at age 3, and controlling for multiple variables, maternal harsh parenting was associated with changes in certain brain areas, particularly overall smaller brain volume and smaller amygdala volume (processes fear and threats).
Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Kato T, Fujiwara T.
Child Maltreatment and Mental Health in Middle Childhood: A Longitudinal Study in Japan. Am J Epidemiol. 2022 Mar 24;191(4):655-664. PMID: 34788359
Of all 1st grade Japanese children from one ward in Tokyo, followed for 4 years, child maltreatment (via caregiver survey) was associated with behavior problems (such as emotional, conduct, and peer relationship problems), and inversely associated with resilience and also prosocial behavior (helping, cooperating, comforting), regardless of sex.
Longobardi C, Malacrea M, Giulini P, Settanni M, Fabris MA.
How Plausible are the Accounts of Child Victims of Sexual Abuse? A Study of Bizarre and Unusual Scripts Reported by Children. J Child Sex Abus. 2022 Feb-Mar;31(2):216-235. PMID: 34902291
Investigators developed a list of categories of unusual and bizarre scripts reported by Italian children in reports of sexual abuse. This list was then validated both by the actual experiences of individuals convicted of crimes related to child pornography and Italian police officers who were involved with investigation of these crimes. “Our findings suggest that children's accounts of sexual abuse should be considered credible even if they contain unusual or bizarre elements that also occur in child pornography and therefore may reflect events actually experienced rather than merely the child's fantasy or imagination.”
Rebbe R, Mienko JA, Martinson ML.
Reports and Removals of Child Maltreatment-Related Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Study. Child Maltreat. 2022 May;27(2):235-245. PMID: 33375836
“The dataset was comprised of all children born in Washington State between 1999 and 2013 (N = 1,271,416), all hospitalizations for children under the age of three, and all CPS records…About two-thirds of children identified as experiencing a child maltreatment-related hospitalization were not reported to CPS. We found differences in responses by maltreatment subtype.”
Anyigbo C, Jimenez ME, Sosnowski DW.
Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences at Age 5 and Healthcare Utilization at Age 9. J Pediatr. 2022 Apr 12:S0022-3476(22)00320-1. PMID: 35427692
Among 2,521 children (51% male, 48% Non-Hispanic Black) from a study of fragile families, 77% had ≥1 ACE at age 5. Compared to children with 0 ACEs, those with ≥4 ACEs had 49% lower odds of a dental visit, 177% higher odds of a primary care sick visit, and 170% higher odds of an emergency room visit.
Tsur N, Katz C, Klebanov B.
Peritraumatic Pain in Child Sexual Abuse: Children's Descriptions of Pain as Conveyed in Their Testimonies Following Child Sexual Abuse. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Apr;37(7-8):NP4393-NP4414. PMID: 32954895
35 transcripts of forensic interviews following alleged CSA (childhood sexual abuse) “identified three themes: (a) pain during the abusive incidents, described using words indicating its intensity and quality; (b) pain shortly after the abusive incidents, including weeks later, and (c) pain as embedded within the complex dynamic with perpetrator… children testified that in the course of the abusive incidents, they were often silenced when trying to communicate their pain to the perpetrators… Additionally, children described suffering from pain in areas that were not directly injured during the incidents, mainly referring to the head, abdomen and legs.” The discussion addresses potential intervening factors, as well as chronic post-traumatic physical and mental morbidity.
Abrahamyan A, Lucas R, Soares S, Talih M, Fraga S.
Adverse childhood experiences and bodily pain at 10 years of age: Findings from the Generation XXI cohort. Child Abuse Negl. 2022 Mar 30;128:105620. PMID: 35366413
Of 4738 Portuguese children aged 10, there was a dose-response association between cumulative ACEs and reports of pain, including any pain, multisite pain, and high-intensity pain, and especially for those with 6+ACEs. “…suggesting that embodiment of ACEs starts as early as childhood and that pain related to ACEs begins earlier than previously reported.”
Adult Manifestations of Child Abuse
Zisook S, Planeta B, Hicks PB, et. al.
Childhood adversity and adulthood major depressive disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2022 May-Jun;76:36-44. PMID: 35366613
From a 35-site VA study, “83% experienced at least one of the 10 ACEs and 20.7% experienced 6 or more. Participants with childhood adversities were more likely…to have had more severe depression and anxiety, more lifetime episodes, a younger age of first diagnosed major depressive disorder, more comorbid PTSD, worse quality of life, and more suicidal ideation than those no or fewer adversities.”
Miao H, Zhong S, Liu X, et. al.
Childhood trauma history is linked to abnormal brain metabolism of non-medicated adult patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2022 Apr 1;302:101-109. PMID: 34965400
Comparing specialized brain scans to measure brain protein metabolism of a small group of Chinese unmedicated patients with either major depression, major depression and childhood trauma, or a control group with neither, major depression was associated with significant changes in protein metabolism in certain brain areas. Early childhood trauma caused additional changes which played an important role in longer and more episodes of depression.
Hitzler M, Bach AM, Köhler-Dauner F, Gündel H, Kolassa IT.
Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Maltreatment Among Postpartum Women-Prevalence of Psychosocial Risk Factors for Child Welfare: An Independent Replication Study. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 14;13:836077. PMID: 35360143
Of 533 healthy postpartum German women asked about their personal experiences with childhood maltreatment (CM), 16.1% experienced emotional and 10.1% physical abuse, 28.5% emotional neglect, 9.4% physical neglect and 10.3% sexual abuse. “The higher the CM load the more psychosocial stressors existed in women's life…had a higher risk for mental health problems, intimate partner violence, financial problems, and a higher postnatal stress load…CM and psychosocial risk factors for child welfare were strongly associated in a dose-response manner.”
Grillault Laroche D, Godin O, Dansou Y, et. al.
Influence of childhood maltreatment on prevalence, onset, and persistence of psychiatric comorbidities and suicide attempts in bipolar disorders. Eur Psychiatry. 2022 Jan 21;65(1):e15. PMID: 35060460
Of 3,047 individuals with bipolar disorders, those with childhood maltreatment, and especially emotional abuse and sexual abuse, were at increased risk for suicide attempts, anxiety disorders, substance use, and eating disorders.
Geoffroy MC, Arseneault L, Girard A, et. al.
Association of childhood bullying victimisation with suicide deaths: findings from a 50-year nationwide cohort study. Psychol Med. 2022 Apr 7:1-8. PMID: 35388770
Of a group of British adults born in 1958 and followed for over 50 years, those whose mothers had reported frequent bullying in childhood had 1.89 times increased odds of dying by suicide, after controlling for other factors.
Eid K, Torkildsen Ø, Aarseth J, et. al.
Association of adverse childhood experiences with the development of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 4:jnnp-2021-328700. PMID: 35379699 From a national Norwegian study, “Childhood sexual and emotional abuse were associated with an increased risk of developing MS. The risk was higher when exposed to several abuse categories, indicating a dose-response relationship. Studies are needed to identify underlying mechanisms.”
Nagtegaal MH, Boonmann C.
Child Sexual Abuse and Problems Reported by Survivors of CSA: A Meta-Review. J Child Sex Abus. 2022 Feb-Mar;31(2):147-176. PMID: 34633279
From a research review, problems reported by survivors of childhood sexual abuse fell into 5 categories – medical, psychological, sexual, repeated self-harm, and other – and were overall prevalent independent of specific characteristics of and circumstances surrounding the abuse.
Côté PB, Flynn C, Dubé K, et. al.
"It Made Me so Vulnerable": Victim-blaming and Disbelief of Child Sexual Abuse as Triggers of Social Exclusion Leading Women to Homelessness. J Child Sex Abus. 2022 Feb-Mar;31(2):177-195. PMID: 35125065
Of 21 women aged 29-60 years who experienced both childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and homelessness, their initial CSA disclosure experiences were characterized by victim-blaming and disbelief, and were perceived as the onset of social exclusion and isolation, which lead to their homelessness.
Kors S, Kurdziel-Adams G, Towers C, Fortner K, Macfie J.
Sexual Abuse as a Risk Factor for Opioid Misuse in Pregnancy. J Child Sex Abus. 2022 Apr 8:1-12. PMID: 35395922
Of 93 women seen at a high-risk pregnancy clinic, 55 of whom had opioid use disorder, and 38 others considered medical high risk, “Our findings reveal both presence of and severity of sexual abuse were significantly associated with opioid misuse in pregnancy, while physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect were not…screenings for ACEs in primary care and gynecological visits may help decrease the impact of sexual abuse.”
Hurley L, Stillerman A, Feinglass J, Percheski C.
Adverse Childhood Experiences among Reproductive Age Women. Womens Health Issues. 2022 Apr 22:S1049-3867(22)00026-3. PMID: 35469680
From a national survey of adults aged 18-39 years, more than 23% of women respondents reported an ACE score of 4+. Compared with those reporting zero ACEs, and after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, women with 4+ ACEs were almost four times as likely to report a history of depression, more than twice as likely to report fair or poor health, were 62% more likely to have obesity, 41% more likely to report a hypertension diagnosis, and 36% more likely to report a diabetes diagnosis. “ACEs are a root cause in the development of adverse health conditions in young women, and their prevention should be central to policies aimed at improving women and children's well-being.”
Roth EG, Chard S.
Affective Practices of Diabetes Self-Management Among Older Adults: Cumulative Effects of Childhood Adversity. Gerontologist. 2022 Apr 20;62(4):568-576. PMID: 34406388
From interviews with 15 community-dwelling elders with diabetes, the experiences of childhood adversity affected diabetes self-management, from blood glucose testing, to food consumption, to the emotions invested in body size. Authors identified 3 thematic areas relating to childhood adversity: (a) undermining self-worth, (b) (over)eating and food as comfort, and (c) negative feelings about weight and body size.
Rose SMS, Slavich GM, Snyder MP.
Adverse childhood experiences, diabetes and associated conditions, preventive care practices and healthcare access: A population-based study. Prev Med. 2022 Apr 7:107044. PMID: 35398366
From a large national study, and after adjusting for age, sex, and race, “The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of diabetes increased in a stepwise fashion by ACE exposure, ranging from 1.2 for 1 ACE to 1.7 for ≥4 ACEs, versus having no ACEs. In persons with diabetes, those with ≥4 ACEs had an elevated adjusted odds of heart attack (AOR = 1.6) and stroke (AOR = 1.8), versus having no ACEs.”
Roubinov D, Browne D, LeWinn KZ, et. al.
Intergenerational transmission of maternal childhood adversity and depression on children's internalizing problems. J Affect Disord. 2022 Apr 13:S0165-0327(22)00367-6. PMID: 35429520
Of 1462 mothers followed during pregnancy and for 5 years, “Women's experiences of adversity in childhood have persistent and cumulative effects on their depression during the transition to parenthood, which is associated with risk for children's internalizing [such as depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, eating disorders, and physical symptoms].”
Reid HE, Pratt D, Edge D, Wittkowski A.
Maternal Suicide Ideation and Behaviour During Pregnancy and the First Postpartum Year: A Systematic Review of Psychological and Psychosocial Risk Factors. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 24;13:765118. PMID: 35401283
From a research review that encompassed studies totaling 49,929 participants and investigating 32 different risk factors, there was a consistent association between abuse, experienced recently or during childhood, maternal suicide ideation, attempted suicide, and death.
Ernst M, Borkenhagen A, Fegert JM, Brähler E, Plener PL.
The association of childhood abuse and neglect with tattoos and piercings in the population: evidence from a representative community survey. BMC Psychol. 2022 Apr 22;10(1):105. PMID: 35449026
From a survey of 1060 German participants aged 14-44 years, “The proportion of participants with tattoos and piercings increased as a function of the severity of all assessed types of abuse and neglect (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; emotional and physical neglect)…body modifications could have special significance for individuals who have survived adversity, in particular interpersonal trauma at the hands of caregivers.”
Adolescents
Krause KH, Verlenden JV, Szucs LE, et. al.
Disruptions to School and Home Life Among High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Jan-June 2021. MMWR Suppl. 2022 Apr 1;71(3):28-34. PMID: 35358164
From a national study of 7705 students in grades 9-12, since the beginning of the pandemic, 66% of students found it more difficult to complete their schoolwork, and 55% experienced emotional abuse by a parent or other adult in their home. Prevalence of emotional and physical abuse by a parent or other adult in the home was highest “among students who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (74% emotional abuse and 20% physical abuse) compared with students who identified as heterosexual (50% and 10%). Students experienced insecurity via parental job loss (29%), personal job loss (22%), and hunger (24%). Disparities by sex and by race and ethnicity also were noted.”
Lee RY, Oxford ML, Sonney J, Enquobahrie DA, Cato KD.
The mediating role of anxiety/depression symptoms between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and somatic symptoms in adolescents. J Adolesc. 2022 Feb;94(2):133-147. PMID: 35353421
From a national study of 1354 adolescents followed over time, there was a significant association between recent ACEs and increased anxiety/depression symptoms, which in turn were associated with somatic symptoms (physical symptoms such as pain, weakness, shortness of breath). “Clinicians should consider assessing anxiety/depression symptoms and possible concurrent exposure to ACEs when caring for adolescents who present with somatic symptoms.”
Wang YJ, Li X, Ng CH, Xu DW, Hu S, Yuan TF.
Risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents: A meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Mar 21;46:101350. PMID: 35330803
From a research analysis of this topic, “Eighty risk factors were identified and classified into 7 categories: mental disorders (Odds Ratio, 1·89), bullying (ORs, 1·98), low health literacy (ORs, 2·20), problem behaviours (ORs, 2·36), adverse childhood experiences (ORs, 2·49), physical symptoms (ORs, 2·85) and the female gender (ORs, 2·89).”
Hong JS, Espelage DL, Ostrov JM.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Bullying and Its Linkage to Other Forms of Violence. J Interpers Violence. 2022 Apr 1:8862605221085246. PMID: 35362351
“Children and adolescents who are identified as bullies, bully victims, or both are at an elevated risk of being involved in other forms of violence, for example, dating violence and sexual violence. Moreover, those who are exposed to violence have increased odds of being involved in bullying. This special issue brings together scholars from a variety of disciplines (e.g., psychology, criminology/criminal justice, and social work) to investigate how involvement in bullying and other forms of violence are interrelated.” Table of Contents
Traino KA, Espeleta HC, Dattilo TM, Fisher RS, Mullins LL.
Childhood Adversity and Illness Appraisals as Predictors of Health Anxiety in Emerging Adults with a Chronic Illness. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2022 Apr 23:1–10. PMID: 35461438
For 121 emerging adults with a chronic health condition, those with higher ACEs had stronger negative judgments about illness, which heightened overall health anxiety.
Fortier J, Stewart-Tufescu A, Salmon S, et. al.
Associations between Lifetime Spanking/Slapping and Adolescent Physical and Mental Health and Behavioral Outcomes. Can J Psychiatry. 2022 Apr;67(4):280-288. PMID: 33686872
From a Canadian study of 6537 households, with a 50.8% response rate, and with data collected from a parent/caregiver and one child aged 14-17 years, “Lifetime spanking/slapping was independently associated with increased odds of mental health disorders, physical health conditions, and defiant behaviors in adolescence after adjusting for childhood adversities and child maltreatment.”
Race/Cultural Concerns
Mpofu JJ, Cooper AC, Ashley C, et. al.
Perceived Racism and Demographic, Mental Health, and Behavioral Characteristics Among High School Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey, United States, January-June 2021. MMWR Suppl. 2022 Apr 1;71(3):22-27. PMID: 35358163
From a national CDC 2021 survey of 7705 students in private and public schools, grades 9-12, conducted during the pandemic, “Approximately one third (35.6%) of U.S. high school students reported perceived racism. Perceived racism was highest among Asian (63.9%), Black (55.2%), and multiracial students (54.5%). Students who reported perceived racism had higher prevalence of poor mental health (38.1%); difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions (44.1%); and not feeling close to persons at school (40.7%).”
Keum BT, Wong MJ, Salim-Eissa R.
Gendered racial microaggressions, internalized racism, and suicidal ideation among emerging adult Asian American women. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 12:207640221089536. PMID: 35411802F
or 309 young adult Asian American women, mean age 20.0 years, gendered racial microaggression stress increased suicidal ideation threefold, particularly for those who internalized negative images of themselves as Asian individuals.
Providers
Dubowitz H, Finkelhor D, Zolotor A, Kleven J, Davis N.
Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences in Primary Care: Challenges and Considerations. Pediatrics. 2022 Apr 1;149(4):e2021052641. PMID: 35362065
“This article draws attention to the overlapping literature on social determinants of health and adverse childhood experiences, and the growing clinical interest in addressing them to promote children's and parents' health and well-being…Priorities include: begin with a few prevalent conditions for which there are helpful resources; focus on conditions that are current or recent and where parents may be more apt to engage in services; focus initially on families with children aged <6 given the frequency of well-child visits and the especially strong relationships between primary care professionals and parents during this period; ensure training of primary care professionals and staff to help them play this role competently and comfortably; and have good referral processes to facilitate additional evaluation or help.”
Reading J, Nunez D, Torices T, Schickedanz A.
A Qualitative Study of Pediatricians' Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening Workflows. Acad Pediatr. 2022 Apr 21:S1876-2859(22)00188-7. PMID: 35462065
“We identified five major themes related to ACEs screening workflows: 1) degree of protocolization of the workflow, 2) screening tool(s) used, 3) timing of screening, 4) clinic staff involvement, and 5) interventions recommended and/or initiated by the physician… ACEs screening workflow variability was largely driven by clinical feasibility and availability of ACEs intervention resources. This variability demonstrates that a one-size-fits-all standardized screening protocol may not be universally feasible or appropriate across practices.”
Jiang DH, Kim S, Zaidi A, et. al.
Insights from Expanded Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening in a Hospital Outpatient Psychiatry Service. Psychiatr Q. 2022 Jun;93(2):677-687. PMID: 35380332
For 252 patients newly assessed at a hospital-based community outpatient psychiatric clinic, the average ACE score was 3.4, compared to the national community average of 1.6. 42% reported 4+ ACEs, compared to to 15% nationally. “ACEs had statistically significant correlations with an increased number of psychiatric diagnoses, substance use disorders, medical illnesses, suicide attempts, and suicide risk level…patients seeking psychiatric care from a hospital-based outpatient clinic are likely to be traumatized to a degree far exceeding what is typical in the general population.”
Driscoll Powers L, Cook PF, Weber M, Techau A, Sorrell T.
Comorbidity of Lifetime History of Abuse and Trauma With Opioid Use Disorder: Implications for Nursing Assessment and Care. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2022 Apr 10:10783903221083260. PMID: 35403485
For 476 adults in a treatment program for opioid use disorder (OUD), “Lifetime history of physical abuse was associated with OUD and chronic pain, yet standard pain assessments do not assess these factors. In health care settings, the implementation of standardized trauma-informed screening tools, prompt recognition of abuse/trauma history, and adjunct psychological interventions may reduce stigma, reduce opioid use escalation, and help patients overcome OUD.”
Prevention
Suresh S, Heineman E, Meyer L, et. al.
Improved Detection of Child Maltreatment with Routine Screening in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital. J Pediatr. 2022 Apr;243:181-187.e2. PMID: 34929244
The Pittsburgh Child Abuse Screening Tool was administered in a pediatric ED during a 6-month period to all children < age 13 (1.8% positive) and to nonverbal children aged 13+ (1.6% positive). This tool asks nurses about concerns such as delay in seeking care, inconsistent history and findings, certain physical findings, and concerns about supervision/care/nourishment/hygiene. 19% of children with a positive screen were reported to CPS. Importantly, there was no relationship between screening results or CPS report and race. “Systematic child abuse screening may mitigate well-recognized racial disparities in identifying and reporting suspected child maltreatment.”
Kerrigan V, McGrath SY, Herdman RM, et. al.
Evaluation of 'Ask the Specialist': a cultural education podcast to inspire improved healthcare for Aboriginal peoples in Northern Australia. Health Sociol Rev. 2022 Apr 3:1-19. PMID: 35373706
“In Australia's Northern Territory (NT) most people who access health services are Aboriginal and most healthcare providers are non-Indigenous; many providers struggle to deliver culturally competent care. Cultural awareness training is offered, however dissatisfaction exists with the limited scope of training. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a cultural education podcast in which Aboriginal leaders, known as the Specialists, answer doctors' questions about working with Aboriginal patients…After listening to the podcast, doctors reported attitudinal and behavioural changes which led to stereotypes being overturned and more culturally competent care delivery.”
Díaz E, Nava LA, Parke S, et. al.
Addressing Health Equity and Racism Through a Hispanic Psychiatry Fellowship. Psychiatr Serv. 2022 Apr 13:appips202100220. PMID: 35414187
"This new Hispanic Psychiatry Fellowship focuses on health inequality and racism in policy and leadership, clinical care for Spanish-speaking patients, cultural psychiatry, recovery, forensics, substance use, and education. This column describes the program's development, first 2 years of implementation, and feasibility indicators for use in creating similar programs."
Researchers
Martin CL, Ghastine L, Lodge EK, et. al.
Understanding Health Inequalities Through the Lens of Social Epigenetics. Annu Rev Public Health. 2022 Apr 5;43:235-254. PMID: 35380065
Detailed technical article. “Social epigenetics is an emerging area of research that aims to uncover biological pathways through which social experiences affect health outcomes…This review provides an overview of social epigenetics and highlights existing literature linking social exposures-i.e., psychosocial stressors, racism, discrimination, socioeconomic position, and neighborhood social environment-to DNA methylation in humans.”
Wojciak AS, Powers J, Chan ACY, et. al.
ARCCH Model of Resilience: A Flexible Multisystemic Resilience Framework. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 25;19(7):3920. PMID: 35409602
“The increasing prevalence and impact of trauma, such as adverse childhood experiences, race-based trauma, and a global pandemic, highlight the critical need for a flexible multisystemic framework of resilience. This manuscript outlines the universality of trauma and resilience and also provides…a flexible multisystemic resilience framework entitled the ARCCH Model of Resilience: Attachment, Regulation, Competence, Culture, and Health.” This framework can be applied to individuals, families, communities, and systems.
Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA.
Introduction to the special issue on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Apr;54:101082. PMID: 35153166
“Exposure to a wide range of adverse childhood experiences — including poverty, abuse, neglect, and violence — appears to influence multiple aspects of brain structure and function. This special issue of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience examines how childhood adversity influences age-related variation in neural structure, function, and connectivity.” Authors discuss the dimensional model of adversity, distinguishing experiences of threat and deprivation, the stress acceleration theory, and the cumulative risk model. These approaches differ both in how they propose adversity should be measured and in which neural outcomes are expected to be associated with adversity experiences.
Chowkwanyun M.
What Is a "Racial Health Disparity"? Five Analytic Traditions. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2022 Apr 1;47(2):131-158. PMID: 34522965
“How one sees racial health disparities, then, influences the strategies a society advocates-or ignores-for their elimination.” Author evaluates racial health disparities from the perspectives of biology, behavior, place, stress, and policy, with additional consideration for class. Each perspective is “a set of assumptions about the mechanisms that produce disparities—a story, in other words, about where racial health disparities come from…determining what is and is not included in proposed solutions.”
Rothwell DW, Jud A.
On the relationship between economic inequality and child maltreatment: Takeaways from the special issue and future directions. Child Abuse Negl. 2022 Apr 18:105632. PMID: 35450707
Dense article reviewing this topic for those conversant with detailed analysis of types of measurements and impacts of inequality on child maltreatment.
Other of Interest
Uwizeye G, DeVon HA, McCreary LL, et. al.
Global Public Health Nursing. Public Health Nurs. 2022 Jan;39(1):350-359. PMID: 34881464
“An often under addressed and tragic legacy of genocide is the conception of children from rape.” From a research review of the perspectives of youth born of genocidal rape, “Four themes were identified: (1) birth origin stories associated with the crime of the father, (2) fractured sense of belonging to the victim-mother, perpetrator-father, their families, and the community at large, (3) intergenerational legacy of trauma and family identity, and (4) strategies to move forward including knowing the truth about one's origin, mental health, and peer support.”
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