Paediatric bipolar disorder was first proposed as a research hypothesis in two articles in 1995.1,2 Two research groups postulated that mania might occur in early childhood when it manifests differently from adulthoodβas multiple mood episodes per day (ultradian cycling)1 or chronic irritability generally without elevated mood.2 Paediatric bipolar disorder rapidly entered clinical practice in the USA via the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) category of bipolar disorderβnot otherwise specified.
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