Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Impacts of Racism on the Foundations of Health [annualreviews.org]
By Jack P. Shonkoff, Natalie Slopen, and Davie Williams, Annual Review of Public Heath, April 2021 Abstract Inequalities in health outcomes impose substantial human and economic costs on all societies—and the relation between early adversity and lifelong well-being presents a rich scientific framework for fresh thinking about health promotion and disease prevention broadly, augmented by a deeper focus on how racism influences disparities more specifically. This review begins with an overview...