This is the extended ACEs Pyramid developed by RYSE in Richmond, CA. Here's an article about it.
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In a study of more than 1,000 veterinary students across six schools, 61% had at least one ACE, and those with four or more ACEs were three times more likely to be depressed. Among nearly 3,000 college students, ACEs were associated with increased odds of drug use in the previous 30 days. And In a group of women and men in Ireland aged 50-69, a higher ACE score was associated with more depression, but only among those who said they didn’t have social support.
These are some of the ACE-related research papers that Dr. Harise Stein selected over the last month for our ACEsConnection community. Stein is an ob-gyn at Stanford Medical School of Medicine, and editor of Abuse Research Summary, which provides a quick look at the most pertinent articles relating to abuse from the National Library of Medicine.
The other papers she selected highlight seven from the recent special supplement of Academic Pediatrics, which Dr. Christina Bethell did a blog post about when the supplement was published in September. These papers include income inequality and the differential effect of ACEs in U.S. children, addressing ACEs and resilience in teens, and a new framework for establishing graduate schools of community and public well-being to “grow the necessary skilled professionals” to address ACEs and lead the change in the U.S.
Here are the papers:
Strand EB, Brandt J, Rogers K, et. al.
Adverse Childhood Experiences among Veterinary Medical Students: A Multi-Site Study. J Vet Med Educ. Summer 2017;44(2):260-267. PMID: 28346049
For 1118 veterinary medical students across six institutions, with a 39% response rate, 61% reported at least one ACE, the most common of which was living with a household member with a mental illness (31%). Students with 4 or more ACEs were 3 times more likely to be depressed. Rates of exposure to ACEs were similar to other population-based studies.
Halfon N, Larson K, Son J, Lu M, Bethell C.
Income Inequality and the Differential Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences in US Children. Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S70-S78. PMID: 28865663
# of ACEs distribution stratified by income - % of Federal Poverty Level (FPL).
Cheong EV, Sinnott C, Dahly D, Kearney PM.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and later-life depression: perceived social support as a potential protective factor. BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 1;7(9):e013228. PMID: 28864684
From a group of Irish men and women aged 50-69, increasing ACE score was associated with increasing depressive symptoms, but only among those with low perceived social support. “Individuals with a history of childhood adversity may experience deficits in support-seeking behaviour and social attachments. Hence, interventions may include social skills training where participants are equipped with skills to identify, invite and maintain healthy social connections with others.”
Soleimanpour S, Geierstanger S, Brindis CD.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience: Addressing the Unique Needs of Adolescents. Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S108-S114. PMID: 28865641
“Nationwide, over half of adolescents have reportedly been exposed to ACEs. Adolescents exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have unique developmental needs that must be addressed by the health, education, and social welfare systems that serve them.”
Forster M, Grigsby TJ, Rogers CJ, Benjamin SM.
The relationship between family-based adverse childhood experiences and substance use behaviors among a diverse sample of college students.
Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:298-304. PMID: 28889058
From a national survey of 2953 college students, despite controlling for age, gender, ethnicity and depression, ACEs were significantly associated with increased odds of past 30 day drug use.
Bethell CD, Solloway MR, Guinosso S, et. al.
Prioritizing Possibilities for Child and Family Health: An Agenda to Address Adverse Childhood Experiences and Foster the Social and Emotional Roots of Well-being in Pediatrics.
Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S36-S50. PMID: 28865659
Through a multi-year, extensive Delphi process, child health stakeholders determined a policy agenda and research priorities relating to ACEs. “Efforts to address the high prevalence and negative effects of ACEs on child health are needed, including widespread and concrete understanding and strategies to promote awareness, resilience, and safe, stable, nurturing relationships as foundational to healthy child development and sustainable well-being throughout life.”
Ellis WR, Dietz WH.
A New Framework for Addressing Adverse Childhood and Community Experiences: The Building Community Resilience Model. Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S86-S93. PMID: 28865665
Pachter LM, Lieberman L, Bloom SL, Fein JA.
Developing a Community-Wide Initiative to Address Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress: A Case Study of ThePhiladelphia ACE Task Force. Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S130-S135. PMID: 28865645
Lessons learned from the Philadelphia ACE Task Force during a five year metamorphosis from a narrow to an expanded focus, involving professional training and workforce development, community education, and local practical interventions around adversity, trauma, and resiliency.
Bethell CD, Carle A, Hudziak J, et. al.
Methods to Assess Adverse Childhood Experiences of Children and Families: Toward Approaches to Promote Child Well-being in Policy and Practice. Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S51-S69. PMID: 28865661
Review and analysis of 14 ACE assessment tools.
Ford DE.
The Community and Public Well-being Model: A New Framework and Graduate Curriculum for Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences. Acad Pediatr. 2017 Sep - Oct;17(7S):S9-S11. PMID: 28865666
Suggested graduate-level curriculum for whole community and public well-being professionals; new masters and PhD content and skill sets. “Now is the time to up the ante and create a national initiative for building community well-being across the public and private sectors focused on the root causes of ACEs. Establishing graduate schools of community and public well-being to grow the necessary skilled professionals to lead this change is an essential component of this new national strategy and should begin immediately.”
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