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PACEs in Medical Schools

An exploration of medical student attitudes towards disclosure of mental illness (Medical Education Online)

 

By Ian Fletcher, Michael Castle, Aaron Scarpa, Orrin Myers, and Elizabeth Lawrence, Published online 2020 Feb 13. doi: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1727713.

ABSTRACT

Background: Medical students are reluctant to access mental health services, despite having high rates of anxiety and depression. This reluctance persists through residency and into practice. Physicians and trainees who are unwell deliver lower quality patient care, behave less professionally, communicate less effectively and are at an increased risk for burnout and suicide. Little is known about whether students would disclose a mental health diagnosis on a state board medical license application.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether University of New Mexico School of Medicine (UNM SOM) students would be willing to disclose a mental health diagnosis on a medical licensing application if prompted to do so, and, if not, to identify the reasons for their unwillingness to do so.

Design: We electronically invited all UNM SOM students enrolled in the Classes of 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 to participate in a confidential RedCap survey about mental health diagnoses and treatment. Four e-mail invitations and reminders were sent to students over a one-month period.

Results: Response rate was 50.1%. Thirty-six percent of all respondents considered themselves to have had a mental health condition prior to medical school, and 47% of all respondents perceived a decline in mental health during medical school. The majority of respondents who perceived they had a mental health diagnosis (51%) stated they would not disclose this information on a New Mexico Medical Board (NMMB) license application. Fear of stigmatization, fear of repercussions, and a belief that such disclosure was irrelevant were the top reasons for non-disclosure.

Conclusion: Students who perceive themselves to have mental health diagnoses are unlikely to disclose their mental health status on state medical board licensing applications when asked to do so. Addressing barriers to disclosure of mental health diagnoses is necessary for building a healthier physician workforce.

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For all it's worth I am a family doc with 35 years experience in practice and many years mentoring medical students. I also served 8 years on my state's medical licensing and discipline board and 10 years on my community hospital's bioethics committee.

Needless to say physicians are human beings too and have the same array of frailties as the rest of humanity. These days in addition to 'ordinary' mental illness and the awesome assumption of responsibility for life and death the docs carry every day, there is the burden of student loans (>50% looking at $200,000 or more) and the health system 'disarray' contributing to burnout. From the individual doc's point of view it would be so valuable to be able to seek out and benefit from support and therapy at any time of stress, distress, or illness. Nonetheless, the individual stalwartness and fortitude built into every doc and our culture mitigate against this. Thus we have the higher incidences of alcoholism, substance abuse, and suicide among us. All practicing docs know how hard it is to admit mistakes, confusion, ignorance, errors, or personal needs and I bet few of us can name one professional colleague we could intimately turn to at a time of need.

On the other hand, there are few institutional channels of receptivity to offer support and assistance. Who among us knows whether they can trust "physician wellness committees?"

I will testify that state licensing boards are very blunt instruments, only able to deal with (punish) deviants at the extremes of malfunction. We tried to create an idealistic 'diversion program' to provide therapy and assistance to psychologically ill physicians - and while it was a first in the nation model and widely emulated it only lasted here as long as its idealistic creators were around. Practice association and hospital privilege committees also find it easier to protect against harm rather than nurture with understanding and support.

I agree with the students. I would find it both naive and difficult to be honest about my problems until professional culture learns how to accept and mitigate the human frailties among its members.

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