Skip to main content

Tagged With "Measuring Trauma-Informed Care"

Blog Post

30 people can end ACEs in your county. Why aren’t they?

Dominic Cappello ·
No, we don’t need the president nor congress. We do need the following people in your county to stop business as usual and focus on preventing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). City mayors City counselors County commissioners School board members These local elected leaders—many of them your neighbors and colleagues—have the capacity to collectively understand the emotional and financial costs of ACEs and trauma. We can’t have family-friendly cities and counties while we live in an...
Blog Post

5 Truths About Trauma You Need to Know [yahoo.com]

By Ashley Nestler, Yahoo Lifestyle, November 18, 2019 Trauma. How many times have you heard or been told what trauma is, or what counts as trauma and what doesn’t? Everyone has their own perspective of trauma based on what they know, think they know, or what they have experienced; however, trauma affects each person differently. The following are five truths about trauma that I have learned from my personal experience and from my experience in social work. 1. Trauma is not limited to...
Blog Post

7 Self-Care Strategies To Help Manage Trauma, According To Experts [bustle.com]

Alicia Doktor ·
The effects of trauma can be complex and far-reaching, and no two responses to trauma are exactly alike. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), trauma is generally defined as an overwhelming, life-altering experience that can cause ongoing pain and distress, and sometimes results in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD). Because trauma response can be unique to each individual, self-care strategies for managing trauma...
Blog Post

7 Strategies to Turn Trauma Into Strength [yesmagazine.org]

Alicia Doktor ·
When Army surgeon Rhonda Cornum regained consciousness after her helicopter crashed, she looked up to see five Iraqi soldiers pointing rifles at her. It was 1991 and her Black Hawk had been shot down over the Iraqi desert. Dazed from blood loss, with a busted knee and two broken arms, the then-36-year-old medic was subjected to a mock execution by her captors, sexually assaulted, and kept prisoner in a bunker for a week. Her crisis included textbook causes for post-traumatic stress—a...
Blog Post

7 Ways to Help a Child Deal with Traumatic Stress

Hilary Jacobs Hendel ·
Traumatic stress feels awful. Thankfully, there are small things we can all do to help relax a hyperaroused nervous system.
Blog Post

A Trauma-Informed Approach to Supporting Families Impacted by Addiction

Melissa Santos ·
RFQ ANNOUNCEMENT: Celebrating Families!™ California Expansion Project Update: Due to the expanding ACEs response in California, and subsequent interest in Celebrating Families! we are extending the due date for proposals to May 24 th. Invitation to Expand Celebrating Families!™ Statewide The California State Office of Child Abuse Prevention (OCAP) recognizing the effectiveness of Celebrating Families!™(CF!), has awarded Prevention Partnership International (PPI) a $100,000, 2-year challenge...
Blog Post

ACEs Connection Staff Speaks on the Importance of Community Building at Trauma Sensitive Schools Conference

Carey Sipp ·
Educators from across the country and around the world in Atlanta today at the Trauma-Sensitive Schools Conference were invited to learn more about the importance of building cross-sector communities in their towns, cities, and states by ACEs Connection staffers Lara Kain and Carey Sipp. ”People have to be willing to make a safe space for communities to come together to build community,” said Kain, who is the Southern California Community Facilitator, stressing the importance of doing the...
Blog Post

ACEs - More Than Information; It's An Experience

Suzie Gruber ·
In my opinion we as ACEs/trauma educators must be very mindful that whether we talk about ACEs in front of a large group of people or one on one, it’s not just information. We are giving people an experience, an experience that may rock them to their core especially if they have never heard the information before.
Blog Post

Addressing historical and childhood trauma: Why native people across the country are gathering in San Diego in October

Anthony Pico ·
photo/ CCO Children, in what should be the safety of their homes, experience trauma, and it is ruining lives — and perhaps entire ethnic groups. Childhood trauma actually alters the structure of the brain — a result of consistent toxic stress — which is why it’s so difficult to heal an individual and help them attain a healthy life. Dr. Anthony Pico The science that was the springboard for making those linkages began with the now famous Adverse Childhood Experiences Study of over 17,000...
Blog Post

Amador County Data Dashboard: Child Adversity and Well-Being

Val Krist ·
A product of the Essentials for Childhood Initiative (EfC), the Child Adversity and Well-Being Dashboards contain indicators of child adversity, health and well-being utilizing data available on kidsdata.org . For more information about the dashboards, please refer to the California Data Dashboards page. The Amador County Data Dashboard contains select indicators of child adversity and well-being. The dashboard is a product of the Shared Data and Outcomes Workgroup of the California...
Blog Post

August 29 Children’s Advocacy Institute Hosts Roundtable Discussions

Daniela Guarnizo ·
The Children's Advocates Roundtable , established in 1990, is an affiliation of over 200 statewide and regional children's policy organizations, representing over twenty issue disciplines (e.g., child abuse prevention, child care, education, poverty, housing, juvenile justice). The Roundtable is convened by the Children's Advocacy Institute (CAI), and is committed to providing a setting where statewide and locally-based children's advocates gather with advocates from other children's issue...
Blog Post

'Broken Places' PBS Broadcast Premiere [pbs.org]

By the Public Broadcasting System, February 2020 BROKEN PLACES Monday, April 6, 2020, 10:00-11:00 p.m. ET Explore why some children are severely damaged by early adversity while others are able to thrive. Revisit children profiled decades ago to see how early trauma shaped their lives as adults. A presentation of Public Policy Productions in association with WNET's CHASING THE DREAM. [ Please click here to read more .]
Blog Post

Building a Resilient Amador

Tracy Carlton ·
We are excited to announce that Resilient Amador now has a local presentation available for your organization, agency, place of work, or community group to learn about adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), trauma and trauma-informed care, and resilience. This two-hour presentation is a perfect introduction to - or refresher on - these important topics and how they impact each us, the families we work with, and our community. To schedule a presentation or would like more information, please...
Blog Post

Building A Trauma Informed System of Care Toolkit

Becky Haas ·
We are delighted to make available the Building Strong Brains of Tennessee funded, Building A Trauma Informed System of Care toolkit. This toolkit is based upon the work of the Northeast Tennessee ACEs Connection group and it's many partners since 2015. In time, Building Strong Brains of Tennessee will also have printed copies available. In preparing this toolkit, Dr. Andi Clements and I tried to share in a very transparent fashion the steps we've taken, mistakes we've made and inspiring...
Blog Post

"Building Violence Free Schools & Communities " ONE DAY CONFERENCE!

Amanda Guajardo ·
Tulare County CAPC is proud to provide this ONE DAY conference on "Building Violence Free Schools & Communities" featuring 3 nationally know speakers with first hand experience and expertise in the field of violence prevention. Dr. Melissa Reeves (Columbine, CO shooting) Scarlett Lewis (Parent of a child lost in Sandy Hook shooting) and Clayton Douglas (former student who planned a shooting) will provide us with critical knowledge and skills in violence prevention. **** FLYER AND...
Blog Post

‘Burnout is real’: The importance of engaging in self-care practices when faced with secondary trauma [whyy.org]

Caitlin O'Brien ·
Chera Kowalski remembers working at McPherson Square Library when overdoses became a more common occurrence in Kensington. It was 2015, and Philadelphia saw 696 overdose deaths that year — a 52% increase from just two years before — eighty percent of which involved opioids. There were more than twice as many overdose deaths than homicides. At the time, library staff didn’t have naloxone — an opioid overdose reversal medication — or the training to administer it. The best staff members could...
Blog Post

CA announces robust perinatal depression prevention for Medi-Cal recipients

Laurie Udesky ·
Melinda Coates experienced a tumultuous pregnancy. “I was really mentally upset literally from day one (of the pregnancy),” she says. (Melinda Coates is a pseudonym. To protect her and her children’s privacy and safety, we are not using her real name.) Coates had hoped to get counseling last October, when she was seven months pregnant. That’s when she enrolled in the state’s Medi-Cal program, shortly after she and her abusive husband moved to California, “but nobody was able to get me in...
Blog Post

California Looks To Lead Nation In Unraveling Childhood Trauma [californiahealthline.org]

Alicia Doktor ·
Imagine identifying a toxin so potent it could rewire a child’s brain and erode his immune system. A substance that, in high doses, tripled the risk of heart disease and lung cancer and reduced life expectancy by 20 years. And then realizing that tens of millions of American children had been exposed. Dr. @Nadine Burke Harris, California’s newly appointed surgeon general, will tell you this is not a hypothetical scenario. She is a leading voice in a movement trying to transform our...
Blog Post

Children with special health care needs are more likely to have adverse childhood experiences [ChildTrends.org]

Mai Le ·
Authors: Deborah Seok, David Murphey, Fadumo M. Abdi Publication Date: December 10, 2019 The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is higher among children and youth with special health care needs than among their peers without special health care needs, according to Child Trends’ analysis of data from the 2016-17 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). The survey asks parents or guardians to report whether their child has experienced any of nine ACEs. The percentage of...
Blog Post

Cracked Up: 3 Exciting Announcements [crackedupmovie.com]

By Michelle Esrick, Cracked Up Movie, April 2020 — A letter from Director Michelle Esrick — Dear friends, My heart goes out to everyone during this extremely challenging and unprecedented time. We are all experiencing what a traumatic event this is for everyone around the world -- from the reports we all hear on the news, to stories from family and friends, and for me personally being hospitalized with Covid-19. Many trauma survivors, including myself, are experiencing higher levels of...
Blog Post

Disrupting toxic stress in children to prevent long-term health impacts [medicalxpress.com]

Alicia Doktor ·
Homelessness, neglect, malnutrition, or forced parent-child separation have long been known to cause toxic stress levels in childhood that harm developing brains and bodies. Two decades ago, the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and long-lasting health effects surfaced in a pivotal study. Now, clinicians and researchers are taking a deep dive into how the stress produced by these experiences influences lifelong changes in children's genetics and health, while developing tools...
Blog Post

Do you live in Arizona, Hawaii, California, Nevada or the US Pacific Islands? Come to our no-cost mental and school mental health Winter Institute!

Leora Wolf-Prusan ·
Do you live in Arizona, Hawaii, California, Nevada or the US Pacific Islands?If so...Check it out! 👇 NO COST. MENTAL HEALTH & SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH WORKFORCE. AMAZING FACULTY. JANUARY 14, 15, & 16th! LONG BEACH, CA. JOIN US. 🤝 👏 Learn more here: http://bit.ly/mhttc-winterinstitute-flyer Register here: http://events.r20.constantcontact.com/register/event?oeidk=a07egq2f9gaebafa6bd&llr=8wdk4ubab
Blog Post

Dr. Mona Delahooke Will Present at The Trauma-Responsive Schools Conference in California

Emily Read Daniels ·
Have you been hearing all the buzz about Dr. Mona Delahooke's new book, Beyond Behaviors ? In my opinion, it’s the best new book of 2019. Dr. Delahooke is a practicing pediatric clinical psychologist of thirty years. She is gaining critical acclaim and grassroots support for challenging the prevalent and pervasive behaviorist bias in schools. As a result, she is an emerging authority in the growing revolution to re-interpret children's misbehavior. She highlights much of the books' content...
Blog Post

FREE MASTER CLASS FOR EDUCATORS:

Julia Rose Polk ·
FREE MASTER CLASS FOR EDUCATORS: "The Top 10 Truths Every Teacher Needs to Know About Trauma" This 60-minute Master Class is an opportunity for teachers to take their FIRST STEP into becoming "trauma-informed." Learn how trauma impacts your students' brains, bodies and behavior, and the approaches that can make your job easier and less overwhelming! TUESDAY, May 7th @1pm (PST) - ONLINE Certificate of Attendance available for attendees Link for Deets: https://www.traumacamp.com/masterclass...
Blog Post

FREE WEBINAR: Community Resilience Model- An Innovative Approach to Addressing Burnout

Madison Hammett ·
Join the IL ACEs Response Collaborative for the latest webinar in our continuing series on best practices to prevent and mitigate the effects of provider burnout.
Blog Post

Governor Newsom announces Nadine Burke Harris to be CA's first-ever surgeon general

Jane Stevens ·
Governor Gavin Newsom today announced the appointment of Dr. Nadine Burke Harris, a national leader in pediatric medicine, to serve as California’s first-ever surgeon general. There is overwhelming consensus in the scientific community around early warning signs and childhood determinants of serious health outcomes. As surgeon general, Dr. Burke Harris will urge policymakers at every level of government and leaders across the state to consider the social determinants of health, especially...
Blog Post

Governor Newsom announces Nadine Burke Harris to be CA's first-ever surgeon general

Jane Stevens ·
Governor Gavin Newsom today announced the appointment of Dr. Nadine Burke Harris, a national leader in pediatric medicine, to serve as California’s first-ever Surgeon General. There is overwhelming consensus in the scientific community around early warning signs and childhood determinants of serious health outcomes. As California's Surgeon General, Dr. Burke Harris will urge policymakers at every level of government and leaders across the state to consider the social determinants of health,...
Blog Post

Highlights and Resources from the February 7, 2019 Strategies 2.0 Sierra Regional Learning Community: Promoting Resilience using a Trauma-Informed Approach, Emphasizing Partnerships with Behavioral Health Systems.

Barbara DeGraaf ·
Growing knowledge and networks for professionals working with families The third Sierra Learning Community in the four-part Building Resiliency Series focused on: Promoting Resilience using a Trauma-Informed Approach, Emphasizing P artnerships with Behavioral Health Systems. Together we explored successful approaches to support the behavioral health needs of children and families living in rural communities. View the recording of the event by clicking here: 2.7.19 Sierra Learning Community...
Blog Post

Highlights from the September 27, 2018 Sierra Learning Community

Barbara DeGraaf ·
Highlights of the September 27, 2018 Sierra Learning Community Link to the recording: View the 9.27.18 Learning Community Event For the first of four Sierra Learning Communities focused on resiliency, Matthew Reddam, LMFT, from Trauma Transformed presented on the Trauma Informed Systems Approach, and how it can be utilized to foster resilience in agencies, communities and the families we serve. Matt shared how a trauma informed system is one that realizes, recognizes, responds and resists...
Blog Post

How Adult Survivors of Childhood Trauma Forge Their Own Paths to Recovery [texasstandard.org]

Alicia Doktor ·
Just days before students came back for the new school year this August, Houston Independent School District teachers gathered at Houston Baptist University. They were there learning things like how to better track student data and prepare kids for standardized tests. Mary Young was there to talk to teachers about trauma. Young is a school behavioral-health trainer with Mental Health America of Greater Houston. “How many kids do you think have experienced any type of trauma, including...
Blog Post

How Are You Feeling? Take a Minute to HALT for Your Health [goodtherapy.org]

Laura Pinhey ·
Laura's Note: A common outcome of childhood trauma is disconnection with one's emotions and feelings and a tendency to minimize those emotions and feelings one does recognize. This article describes a simple way to recognize several types of feelings that demand our attention and care. How do you feel right now? Great? Okay? Not so good? If you aren’t feeling your best, taking a moment to HALT is one of the best things you can do for your overall mental and physical health. “Halt” translates...
Blog Post

How It Feels & How We Heal: Parenting with ACEs Chat Quotes (You Tube, Database, PDFs, Links)

Christine Cissy White ·
Parenting with ACEs is sharing inspiration, information, and expertise from our chat series in 3 formats. Parenting with ACEs: How It Feels & How We Heal Quote Collection (pdf version below as well) Quotes Database (pdf version below as well) Links to Chat Transcripts and before and after-the-chat blog posts. Thanks to everyone who showed up, who shared, and who is doing the important work that is our mission (prevent ACEs, heal trauma, build resilience). We know that work happens...
Blog Post

How Native American Children Benefit From Trauma-Informed Schools [yesmagazine.org]

Alicia Doktor ·
At a Montana school, a fifth-grader threatened to strike his teacher with a chair. In many schools, the child would be suspended, expelled, or arrested, leading to missed school, further alienation, and possibly a criminal record. But that’s not what happens here. But this student is in one of Montana’s 10 Wraparound program schools. So instead, the student and his teacher at this school that serves mostly Native American kids, met with Stephanie Iron Shooter, director of the Montana Office...
Blog Post

Intermountain Moment: Safety first! Working with trauma-affected individuals

Chaplain Chris Haughee ·
Safety. It's something that many of us take for granted. But for many of the clients Intermountain works with, and especially the trauma-affected children that come to us in our residential program, safety is certainly not a "given." While it may seem odd to those who have not experienced childhood trauma or adversity, an individual who felt unsafe as an infant or child can have a disruption in their relational, physical, and emotional development that inhibits their brain's ability to...
Blog Post

Learning Community Recording Available: Building Family, Agency, and Community Resilience: Rural Policies to Improve Housing Affordability and Accessibility

Barbara DeGraaf ·
The third Sierra Learning Community for the 2019-20 fiscal year focused upon Building Family, Agency, and Community Resilience: Rural Policies to Improve Housing Affordability and Accessibility. The power point and other materials distributed to attendees are attached to this post. View the recording by clicking here: 2.13.20 Sierra Learning Community ANNOUNCEMENTS Make sure to visit the Strategies2.0 YouTube Channel to access recordings of all the Strategies2.0 sponsored webinars and...
Blog Post

Measuring Trauma-Informed Care: Part 1 of the 3-Part Series. FREE DOWNLOAD

Steve Brown, Psy.D. ·
This 3-Part series was created to support schools and organizations in planning and implementing effective program evaluation for trauma-informed care (TIC) interventions. Enjoy these excerpts from Part 1 . CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD ALL OF PART 1 AND THE WHOLE SERIES FOR FREE. Part 1: What is Trauma-Informed Care and Why Measure It? ________________________________________ The Measuring Trauma-Informed Care Series was created by the Traumatic Stress Institute (TSI) , a global leader in TIC...
Blog Post

Mindfulness Stress Reduction Techniques for Healing

Jen Johnson, LPC ·
Whether you're healing from illness, trauma, or other difficult times, these mindfulness stress reduction techniques can support your healing.
Blog Post

New Health Resiliency Stress Questionnaire debuts for pediatricians, family practice, internal medicine...but anyone can use it

Susie Wiet ·
There's a new ACEs-resiliency survey in town! It came out of a conversation between two physicians having a conversation on a bus. Here's the story about how it was developed, and how to use it. Pilots were done in a pediatric clinic, internal medicine, addiction treatment center, group therapy, and psychiatric practice. It's now being used in two community clinics.
Blog Post

Nominate a Trauma-Informed Care Champion: #TICchampion

Mariel Gingrich ·
Becoming a trauma-informed organization requires clear communication about the transformation process, and support from staff at all levels of an organization. Often these efforts are spearheaded by “trauma-informed care champions”— individuals committed to raising awareness regarding the health effects of trauma and toxic stress and improving care for people who have experienced trauma. This week, the Center for Health Care Strategies (CHCS) invites you to recognize people around you who...
Blog Post

Off to a Great Start!

Tracy Carlton ·
We are so thrilled by the incredible turn out and participation at our first Resilient Amador event held last night, Tuesday, October 9th in Jackson! Thank you to Judy Knapp of Prevention Works for facilitating this great evening. This is just the beginning of a broader and more inclusive conversation about addressing ACEs through trauma-informed approaches and practices, and building resiliency in our community. We would also like to give a special thanks to our panel for highlighting the...
Blog Post

One state. One year. (Partial) Cost of ACEs = $5.2 billion.

Jane Stevens ·
In looking at the impact of childhood trauma, you can’t get much clearer than this: In 2017, ACEs among Tennessee adults led to an estimated $5.2 billion in direct medical costs and lost productivity from employees missing work. That’s just one year, according to the new report, “ The Economic Cost of ACEs in Tennessee ," released on Feb. 1, 2019 by The Sycamore Institute in Nashville, Tenn. And to provide some perspective, $5.2 billion is one-seventh of the state’s annual budget . This $5.2...
Blog Post

One Year Strong!

Tracy Carlton ·
Just over a year ago a small group of folks in Amador County came together for a discussion about ACEs and Trauma-Informed Care. We knew that several efforts were underway in the county to bring awareness to childhood trauma, but it was our goal to unite these different conversations into one cohesive voice so that we could best serve families. One year, and many meetings later, we are now Resilient Amador , a collaborative of community members, organizations, and agencies ready to address...
Blog Post

Pandemic EBT [cdss.ca.gov]

From California Department of Social Services, May 2020 Due to Coronavirus (COVID-19), children who are eligible for free or reduced-price meals at school will get extra food benefits. These food benefits are called Pandemic EBT or P-EBT benefits. P-EBT benefits help families in California buy food when schools are closed because of the coronavirus emergency. Families will get up to $365 per eligible child on their P-EBT card to use on food and groceries. Families with children who get...
Blog Post

Parenting with ACEs Resources: Power Sharing & Sharing Powerfully

Christine Cissy White ·
Sharing as a trauma survivor, parent (via adoption), writer, and advocate, I'm going to detail what I find crucial in any program or perspective geared towards those currently parenting with ACEs. Most important, is that any program be survivor and peer-led (or co-led). If that's the only change done, it's a good one. Who shares content, and how, is as important as the content being shared. So often, programs to parents are patronizing, punitive, and can come across as "edupuking" all over...
Blog Post

Parents’ Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Children’s Behavioral Health Problems [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Alicia Doktor ·
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include stressful and potentially traumatic events associated with higher risk of long-term behavioral problems and chronic illnesses. Whether parents’ ACE counts (an index of standard ACEs) confer intergenerational risk to their children’s behavioral health is unknown. In this study, we estimate the risk of child behavioral problems as a function of parent ACE counts. METHODS: We obtained retrospective information on 9 ACEs...
Blog Post

Police Start to Embrace Trauma-Informed Practice

Anndee Hochman ·
Brad Lohrey, sheriff of Sherman County in Oregon, likes to tell about an older man who summoned an ambulance about once a week, usually in the middle of the night. When the 911 calls ended abruptly, Lohrey asked his deputies if they knew why. “One of the deputies told me that he started stopping by the gentleman’s house before going off shift. The deputy told me that spending five minutes stopping and talking with the person caused the person to no longer need the ambulance. The gentleman...
Blog Post

Project FORECAST - Becoming a Trauma-Informed Workforce

TRAINING THE WORKFORCE BY INCREASING KNOWLEDGE AND BUILDING SKILLS Project FORECAST uses simulation-based learning experiences to develop trauma-informed critical thinking skills. Take advantage of this free opportunity to become a FORECAST facilitator and join us in developing a trauma-informed workforce. If you train students or child-serving professionals in the fields of: � Child protection � Law enforcement � Juvenile justice � Mental or behavioral health � Healthcare Join Project...
Blog Post

Register now: Free ACEs Connection Webinar on the Human Impact of Climate Change

Carey Sipp ·
A year after 85 people died in the wildfire that swept through Paradise, CA, and nearby towns, one of the town’s survivors will talk about how she and others are using resilience practices in their recovery from the trauma. On Wednesday, Nov. 13, Paradise resident Kelly Doty will have a conversation with Elaine Miller-Karas, who developed the Community Resiliency Model (CRM). Doty, who lost her home in the fire, and Miller-Karas will discuss resilience education skills designed to help...
Blog Post

Registration Deadline for Virtual Screening of Cracked Up is Friday, June 7th

Christine Cissy White ·
The exclusive virtual screening to all ACEs Connection members of the new, acclaimed film, CRACKED UP is fast approaching. The registration deadline is Friday, June 7th at 5pm PST / 8pm EST To register , please complete this form . This documentary film is about the long term effects of childhood trauma, told through Saturday Night Live veteran Darrell Hammond’s journey in discovering adverse childhood experiences at the root of his lifelong battle with self-harm, addiction, and...
Blog Post

Registration is OPEN for the Strategies2.0 November 8, 2018 Sierra Region Learning Community! Learn How the Trauma Informed Systems Approach Can Promote Resilient Families, Agencies and Communities

Barbara DeGraaf ·
Second in the Building Resiliency Series: Build Resilient Communities by Fostering Trust and Finding Champions. Explore how innovative Child Abuse Prevention Month activities can promote resilience. Learn self-care strategies to stay motivated! Thursday, November 8, 2018, 9:30 am to 12:30 pm Locations: Amador Child Abuse Prevention Council in Jackson, on-line and remote sites in Loyalton, Markleeville, and South Lake Tahoe Network in the Sierra Nevada Region to learn about innovative Child...
 
Post
Copyright © 2023, PACEsConnection. All rights reserved.
×
×
×
×