Eunju Lee, assistant professor at the University at Albany, is a leading contributor to a body of research focusing on kinship care. Kinship care occurs when children cannot safely stay in the care of their parents due to child maltreatment, parental substance abuse, parental mental health issues or other reasons. In these cases, relatives, or family friends in some jurisdictions, take over the care of the children. Kinship care is often utilized by child welfare services as a diversion from...

John Schmid of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel in his piece “A Time to Heal” , explores generational trauma in Milwaukee, the nation’s third most impoverished big city. The article consolidates information from local, state, and national data on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), interviews, U.S. Census data, and statistical consultation. In 1970, Milwaukee was an upcoming industrial city with a low poverty rate. However, industrial decline and a population decrease increased the poverty...

The current adverse childhood experience (ACE) survey does not include exposure to community violence (ECV) as a category. A new study by Lee, Larkin, and Esaki (2017) point to evidence that ECV fits the World Health Organization (WHO)’s classification for an ACE category, that it must: cause biological stress response, be sensitive to policies, be common across societies, be able to be measured quickly and easily, and be proximal in respect to causality (WHO, 2011). Lee et al. (2017)...