Refugees around the world are particularly vulnerable to various forms of trauma and toxic stress — from persecution in their home country, process of transport, to resettling to their host-country. The same is true for more than 75,000 Afghan refugees in the United States who have been displaced after the Taliban return to power in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic last year (Wang & Rodriguez-Delgado, 2022). Thus, considering the cumulative experiences of threat and stress of Afghan...