Michael a SirbolaMember

Does anyone know of any (additional) published or other materials (see below) that address possible connections between persons having a high ACE's (adverse childhood experiences) score or lifetime chronic (toxic, allostatic-load) stress with persons having chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CTE and/or abnormal tau protein pathologies?

Given that the mind, consciousness, and mentality are biological, so too, necessarily, is culture; Culture is biology.

A correlation between ACE's and either CTE or tau pathologies would be the equivalent of "behaviorally transmitted neurodegeneration" - a staggering concept - and if true, one that hints at a larger-picture socio-cultural evolutionary homeostasis between competitive-scarcity-fear-based and cooperative-abundance-based mindsets writ-large. A connection that would perhaps be visible both economically and politically at the largest scales - and that may be playing out in the present day, some would surely argue.

Much to think on, yes?

To reiterate; Has anyone ever see anything published to connect ACE's with CTE or Tau protein pathologies?

ACE has been associated with high CRP, c-reactive protein markers.

High CRP has been associated with high tau-protein markers.

Following a transitive logic, one may thus reasonably hypothesize an association between high ACE and high tau-protein measures.

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JUST FOUND THIS, AND IT TURNS OUT, THERE IS A LOT MORE!

BiPolar & Borderline D-O-E-S result in ATYPICAL NEURODEGENERATION that is focused on the LEFT HIPPOCAMPI and Frontal Neurocortex - ATYPICAL because it is not GLIAL NEUROTOXICITY but FAMILIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER related - Which corroborates this early writing by myself, found if you Google "BEHAVIORAL TRANSMISSION OF NEURODEGENERATION" in brackets...

http://archive.rcgov.org/lf20031001/LF100103-02.pdf

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/30644730/

cis pT231-Tau Drives Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder.

Naserkhaki R, et al. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019.

Show full citation

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by intermittent episodes of mania and depression. Recent studies have indicated argyrophilic grains, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, are observable in postmortem brains of bipolar patients. It remains uncertain how tau hyperphosphorylation results in neurodegeneration upon the disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorylated tau at Thr231 exists in two distinct cis and trans conformations, in which cis pT231-tau is highly neurotoxic and acts as an early driver of tauopathy in several neurodegenerative diseases. We herein employed an in vitro model, which resembles some aspects of bipolar disorder, to study the cis p-tau mediatory role. We established GSK3β overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells and examined cell viability, cis p-tau formation, and lithium effects by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We found an increase in cis p-tau levels as well as viability decrease in the cell model. Furthermore, we discovered that lithium treatment inhibits cis p-tau formation, resulting in diminished cell death. We also examined BD and healthy human brain samples and detected cis p-tau in the patients' brains. Our results show that tauopathy, observed in bipolar disorder, is being mediated through cis p-tau and that a conformer could be the cause of neurodegeneration upon the disease. Our findings would suggest a novel therapeutic target to fight the devastating disorder.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29458198

Brain Behav Immun. 2018 Mar;69:582-590. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.007. Epub 2018 Feb 16.

Adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort.

Chen M¹, Lacey RE².

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5660872/

Psychosom Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 Oct 29.

Published in final edited form as:

Psychosom Med. 2014 Jun; 76(5): 327–336.

doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000072

PMCID: PMC5660872

NIHMSID: NIHMS912778

PMID: 24933013

From Childhood Trauma to Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Adulthood: The Role of Anxiety and Emotional Eating

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https://n.neurology.org/conten...7_Supplement/P01.218

February 12, 2013; 80 (7 Supplement) MARCH 18,2013

The Relationship between Tau Protein and C-Reactive Protein during Ischemic Stroke (P01.218)

Joanna Bielewicz, , , , Halina Bartosik-Psujek,

First published February 8, 2016,

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25966642

J Mol Neurosci. 2015 Jun;56(2):519-27. doi: 10.1007/s12031-015-0572-z. Epub 2015 May 13.

C-Reactive Protein Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation via GSK3β Signaling Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Guo H¹, Wang H, Wang C, Cheng Y, Zou Z, Li Y, Wu J, Xu J.

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4/10/194:36 PM

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Daniel lappinMember

Contact me, daniel Lappin.

I have insight into this condition.

daniel@daniellappin.com

4/11/1912:24 PM

Michael a SirbolaMember

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/30644730/

cis pT231-Tau Drives Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder.

Naserkhaki R, et al. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019.

Show full citation

Abstract

Bipolar disorder is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder, characterized by intermittent episodes of mania and depression. Recent studies have indicated argyrophilic grains, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, are observable in postmortem brains of bipolar patients. It remains uncertain how tau hyperphosphorylation results in neurodegeneration upon the disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that phosphorylated tau at Thr231 exists in two distinct cis and trans conformations, in which cis pT231-tau is highly neurotoxic and acts as an early driver of tauopathy in several neurodegenerative diseases. We herein employed an in vitro model, which resembles some aspects of bipolar disorder, to study the cis p-tau mediatory role. We established GSK3β overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells and examined cell viability, cis p-tau formation, and lithium effects by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We found an increase in cis p-tau levels as well as viability decrease in the cell model. Furthermore, we discovered that lithium treatment inhibits cis p-tau formation, resulting in diminished cell death. We also examined BD and healthy human brain samples and detected cis p-tau in the patients' brains. Our results show that tauopathy, observed in bipolar disorder, is being mediated through cis p-tau and that a conformer could be the cause of neurodegeneration upon the disease. Our findings would suggest novel therapeutic target to fight the devastating disorder.

5/3/197:01 AM

Michael a SirbolaMember

First, human studies showing evidence for neural cell atrophy and loss in BD are described, as well as lithium’s ability to reverse these pathological findings. Second, the potential roles of intracellular cascade systems in BD are described; these have been shown to directly regulate cell survival/death pathways and are directly targeted by lithium. Yucel et al. showed increased bilateral hippocampal volume after 2–4 years of lithium treatment in previously drug-naïve BD subjects (10). Also, a recent study using high-resolution volumetric MRI showed a direct therapeutic relevance of lithium neurotrophic effects in BD. It was observed that only lithium-responders showed increases in gray matter in the prefrontal areas (11). Third, the neurotrophic effects of lithium are described in preclinical models in vivo and in vitro and in clinical studies, demonstrating lithium’s clinical relevance not only in BD, but as a potential neurotrophic agent for use in several neurological disorders.

Although BD is not a typical neurodegenerative disorder, several postmortem morphometric and brain imaging studies [structural imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)] have demonstrated the presence of neuronal/glial stress, atrophy, and death associated with the illness [reviewed in (2)].

Postmortem studies evaluating BD subjects matched to healthy controls have shown a significant decrease in brain volume in areas directly involved in mood regulation, mostly characterized by reduced number, density, and/or size of neurons and glial cells, with consistent evidence for the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices and amygdala [reviewed in (12, 13)]. For instance, Öngur and colleagues (14) described a significant decrease (41.2%) in glial cell density in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in BD subjects with a positive family history of mood disorders.

Changes in brain volume and structure, as well as altered energy parameters in specific brain areas related to mood regulation, have been described in neuroimaging studies evaluating individuals with BD. It has consistently been shown that there is decreased gray matter volume in diverse neural areas that regulate cognitive and emotional processing in BD, such as ventral/orbital/medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala [reviewed in (15, 16)]. In a seminal study, Drevets and colleagues (17) observed an approximate 40% reduction in subgenual prefrontal cortex volumes in familial mood disorder subjects. In addition, MRS studies showed regional abnormalities of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline, and myoinositol in BD, especially in the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, hippocampus, and basal ganglia [reviewed in (18)]. These markers are related to the regulation of neurotrophic pathways (described elsewhere) and responded to lithium treatment (see next section), making them potential state-dependent markers. For instance, BD subjects showed abnormally high myoinositol levels in diverse brain areas during manic and depressive episodes; such levels were not observed during euthymia, in healthy controls, or after lithium treatment in BD subjects [reviewed in (19)].

Notably, while BD is not considered a classic neurodegenerative disorder based on the absence of gliosis (a marker of neurdegeneration), it has specific patterns of glial loss possibly associated with the decreased NAA and elevated choline levels described above in BD subjects (18, 20, 21). Furthermore, NAA synthesis occurs in the mitochondria, which are implicated in the altered cell energy regulation (e.g., decreased pH and increased lactate levels) described in the pathophysiology of BD (22, 23) (see “Mitochondrial and ER regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis: a role for Bcl-2, IP3, and calcium”, p. 99); this has been hypothesized to be critical to the altered oxidative stress parameters, apoptosis, and disruption in gene expression that lead to loss of neurotrophic effects.

Lithium’s neurotrophic effects in BD: data from human studies

The most replicated finding from structural neuroimaging studies is an association between lithium treatment and increased gray matter volume in brain areas implicated in emotional processing and cognitive control, such as the anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and hippocampus, which suggests that lithium has considerable neurotrophic effects (24, 25). One study found that patients with BD who were not treated with lithium had significantly reduced left anterior cingulate volumes compared to healthy volunteers and lithium-treated patients (26). Additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies examined the gray and white matter volumes of 12 untreated and 17 lithium-treated patients with BD and 46 healthy controls and found that total gray matter volumes were significantly increased in lithium-treated relative to untreated patients and healthy controls (27). Another study found that gray matter density was significantly greater in patients with BD relative to healthy controls in diffuse cortical regions (28). In an MRI study of the hippocampus conducted in 33 patients with BD (21 treated with lithium and 12 unmedicated) and 62 matched healthy controls, investigators found that total hippocampal volume was significantly greater in lithium-treated patients with BD compared with healthy controls (by 10%) and unmedicated patients (by 14%) (29).

As noted above, MRS studies have evaluated the potential effects of lithium treatment in BD subjects on abnormal concentrations of markers of neuronal integrity, including NAA and myoinositol (see also “Mitochondrial and ER regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis: a role for Bcl-2, IP3, and calcium”, p. 99). Increased NAA levels were observed after four weeks of lithium treatment in different brain areas (30, 31), and decreased choline and myoinositol were reported after chronic lithium treatment in individuals with BD [(32), reviewed in (19)]. Despite some limitations, including the potential for a Type I or II error and negative findings in specific brain areas, human postmortem and imaging studies in BD suggest that neurotrophic effects play a critical role in lithium’s therapeutic effects.

Direct targets of lithium involving neuroprotection: potential relevance in the pathophysiology and treatment of BD

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)

General aspects of GSK-3 and integration with other neurotrophic pathways

GSK-3 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates diverse cellular processes and directly regulates cell apoptosis. Interest in GSK-3 as a target for BD drug development arose from findings that it is key to a number of central functions, such as glycogen synthesis, gene transcription, synaptic plasticity, apoptosis (cell death), cellular structure and resilience, and the circadian cycle (33); notably, all of these functions are significantly implicated in the pathophysiology of severe recurrent mood disorders. Indeed, Benedetti and colleagues (34) showed that a polymorphism in the GSK-3 gene was associated with earlier onset of BD.

5/3/198:05 AM

Anyone ever see anything published to connect ACE's with CTE or Tau protein pathologies?

cis pT231-Tau Drives Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder.

Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort.

From Childhood Trauma to Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Adulthood: The Role of Anxiety and Emotional Eating

The Relationship between Tau Protein and C-Reactive Protein during Ischemic Stroke (P01.218)

C-Reactive Protein Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation via GSK3β Signaling Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Attachments

cis pT231-Tau Drives Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder.

Abstract

Lithium’s neurotrophic effects in BD: data from human studies

Direct targets of lithium involving neuroprotection: potential relevance in the pathophysiology and treatment of BD

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)

General aspects of GSK-3 and integration with other neurotrophic pathways

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cis pT231-Tau Drives Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder.

Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort.

From Childhood Trauma to Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Adulthood: The Role of Anxiety and Emotional Eating

The Relationship between Tau Protein and C-Reactive Protein during Ischemic Stroke (P01.218)

C-Reactive Protein Induces Tau Hyperphosphorylation via GSK3β Signaling Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Attachments

cis pT231-Tau Drives Neurodegeneration in Bipolar Disorder.

Abstract

Lithium’s neurotrophic effects in BD: data from human studies

Direct targets of lithium involving neuroprotection: potential relevance in the pathophysiology and treatment of BD

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3)

General aspects of GSK-3 and integration with other neurotrophic pathways

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